In mycological studies of grain samples from agricultural enterprises of the Ryazan region microscopic fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Fusarium were identified. To confirm grain viability, grain contamination with mycotoxins and fungi, and to differentiate the sown grain from the feed grain luminescent diagnostics was used. The method of immuno-enzyme analysis revealed the following mycotoxins: zearalenone, T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol. The excess of the maximum permissible concentration of deoxynivalenol was found.