Milk quality of Ayrshire breed cows (Prilutsky type) depending on a season and a keeping way
The article presents the results of the season study influencing the on the milk quality of Ayrshire breed cows (Prilutskiy type). It is established that regardless of the keeping cows the protein and fat content in milk of Ayrshire breed cows (Prilutskiy type) at the «Agrofirma Red Star» tends to decrease in summer. Regardless of the season the somatic cell indicators in cow’s milk are lower in 1.73-2.03 times when loose housing and milking in the parlor compared with the tethered housing and milking in the stalls.
Optimization of veterinary and sanitary expertise of honey based on mathematical modeling of the dependence of the diastaznoe number on the amount of pollen grains
The present paper contains results of a laboratory expertise of 20 honey samples from different regions. The correlation dependence of the diastaznoe number on the amount of pollen grains in the sample was analyzed, a statistically significant mathematical model of interrelation was tested, on the basis of which the average expected limits of the honey quality index by the diastaznoe number were calculated. This allows one to obtain a quick result, without spending a detailed laboratory expertise of samples.
Vologdskiy functional feed for farm animals
Сomplexity and high price of making and using the preparation as well as its insufficient functional properties are the disadvantages of well-known functional feeds farm animals. For example, as a rule, yeast supplements for farm animals have a high cost, since relatively expensive raw materials (cake, after-alcohol bard, bran, etc.) are used for their production. The article is devoted to the development of an experimental production technology for a functional feed for farm animals named Vologdskiy and, in particular, to the study of the chemical composition of the functional feed product.
Improvement of curd whey nanoconcentration process
The article specifies the optimal parameters of curd whey nanofiltration and gives the scheme optimizing nanofiltration process control.
Two major QTLs in the 4-th chromosome of laying hens with the effects on egg traits
Obtained data have revealed the presence of two major QTLs in the 4-th chromosome of Rhode island hens. Studies have been conducted on 241 laying of red Rhode island breed hens and on 149 Kuban cross laying hens based on the white Rhode island breed. The SNP2-1 which has marked the first QTL is associated with egg weight and eggshell thickness. Rs14491030 has marked the second QTL a significant effect of single nucleotide polymorphism on the egg weight trait. Identified QTLs can be used to create a system of molecular genetic markers.
Comparative evaluation of alfalfa silage and alfalfa silage with legumes and cereals
The article presents the results of the comparative evaluation of alfalfa silage and alfalfa silage with other legumes and cereals. The high protein content in silos is 14.45-14.73%. The fiber content is 31.07-33.04%. It contributes to easy digestion and does not require additional processing.
Current state and main directions of technological development of dairy cattle in the Russian Federation
The paper presents analytical materials of the current state of dairy cattle breeding in the Russian Federation. It was established that the number of cows is declined and gross milk production doesn’t grow. Moreover, a stable increase in the productivity of cows did not compensate for losses of gross milk production due to the decrease in the number of cows. In conditions of inadequate financial capacity of agricultural producers and the state, the stabilization of cows’ population at the level of 2016 and the increase in gross milk production due to the acceleration of their productivity growth rates are the most optimal and economically justified direction of technological development of dairy cattle breeding. Only a comprehensive solution to organizational, economic and financial problems will improve the investment attractiveness of dairy cattle breeding in the Russian Federation and significantly increase its economic efficiency and competitiveness in all management methods.
Productive longevity of black-and-white cows
The genetic potential of the productive longevity of dairy cattle is high and is more than 12-15 years. The economic use of animals for 5-6 lactations, undoubtedly, reduces the costs of their breeding and culling of low-yielding animals at a fairly early age significantly. At the same time, the average age of these cows’ use at the enterprises of our country is about 3.0 of calving. The research was made in the breeding enterprise Agricultural Pedigree Complex “Plemzavod” Razliv “of the Kurgan region. It is established that in the herd of cows under evaluation, the young animals’ keeping are sufficiently high. Most cows were taken out of the herd at the age of more than 24 months - 6.8%. In this case, cows were culled more often after the sixth calving (40.6% of the investigated heads). The main reasons for the culling of the black and white cattle of the studied herd are: 14.1% - foot diseases, 12.1% - other non-communicable diseases, 9.9% - diseases related to metabolism. The high level of the genetic potential of the pedigree herd can be ensured through the introduction of a rational management system, namely, the improvement of technologies for feeding and keeping cows, the introduction of a competent set of zoological and veterinary measures exclusively at all stages of production.
Selection aspects of increasing the terms of productive use of cows of Ayrshire breed
The article presents the research materials concerning the terms of productive economic use of Ayrshire cows bred in the Vologda region. The differences of animals of different genealogical lines of Ayrshire cattle on the number of lactation, milking days and milk life productivity were revealed. The influence on the specified indicators of various options of breeding animals’ selection is established. Recommendations on improvement of selection and breeding work with Ayrshire cattle breed are given
Relationship of FABP2 (-561A> C) gene polymorphism with abdominal fat content in сhickens of meat poultry production
Poultry farming is one of the most dynamic, highly developed and knowledge-intensive branches of domestic livestock production. In recent years, in the meat balance the poultry meat level has reached more than 33% in the world and 40% in Russia, especially by means of growing chicken broilers. At the same time, it has become evident that the lipid nutritional value of poultry meat needs correction in order to increase its biological value. About 15-20% of the modern broiler carcass is fat. This occurs due to meat poultry selection in the context of the growth rate, without taking into account its propensity to fat deposition. Fatness is inherited in birds fairly well. The heritability estimate (h2) varies from 0.5 to 0.8. There is an urgent need to find molecular markers for breeding broiler lines to reduce the abdominal fat content. It is to increase the nutritional value of the carcass and reduce the cost of feeding. The purpose of this study is to analyze the frequency genotype distribution of mononucleotide polymorphism of FABP2 (-561A> C) gene in groups of chikens with different abdominal fat content. FABP2 has a high affinity for saturated fats and provides capture, intracellular transport and metabolism of long chain fatty acids, acting mainly in the intestine. In chicken, this gene is located on the 4th chromosome. According to the results of FABP2 (-561A> C) gene test, the incidence of CC, AC and AA genotypes is the following: (0.42), (0.35) and (0.23), respectively. As for the fat content, Iza Hubbard F-15 cross broilers with heterozygous AS genotype slightly outperform the ones with homozygous genotypes, but these differences are not statistically significant. Perhaps, to obtain a more meaningful result, it is required to increase the sampling, add another gene associated with fat accumulation and study the additive mechanism of the gene work.
Phased improvement of feed production under the conditions of large commercial agricultural enterprise
The presented new methods for studying the production and economic activities in the feed production of the large commercial agricultural enterprise PSK (Industrial Agricultural Cooperative) “50 Let Oktyabrya” allow setting certain benchmarks in the phased improvement of the enterprise fodder production. The results of the research work of the enterprise during 2009-2017 made it possible to develop an original matrix of cultivating maize for silage and, in whole, made it possible to establish the most important factors of successive improvement of feed production. Using a comprehensive innovative approach it is possible to find annual on-farm reserves of $ 29.42 of net profit per point/ hectare of farmland.
Flax productivity in seven-field crop rotation on sod-podzolic light loamy soil by using fertilizers and biopreparation
New experimental data have been obtained in the stationary multi-year field experiment on sod-podzolic light loamy soil in 2016-2017. Actual yields of flax straw and seeds of «Levit 1» flax variety in 7-fields system with different levels of fertilizer doses are calculated using balance coefficients in «Mizorin» biological preparation application and without it. The influence of the mineral nutrition level and biological preparation on the indicators is studied, such as: the number of plants per 1 m2 before harvesting, the total and technical length of stems, the thickness of stems, the average number of fruitcases per plant, the average number of seeds in 1 fruitcase, the mass of 1000 seeds.
