Assessment of the current state of the dairy cattle industry in the North-Western Federal District and the Vologda Region
Dynamic changes in the dairy cattle industry in the North-Western Federal District and the Vologda Region require their monitoring and studying to determine promising development trends. The article presents gross milk production analysis, the dynamics of livestock and economically useful characteristics of dairy cattle in the North-Western Federal District and the Vologda Region taking into account the statistical collected works data published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in 2020, the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, and the yearbooks for 2011-2020 on breeding dairy cattle in the Russian Federation. The number of dairy cattle has been stabilized since 2017 in the district, and since 2013 in the region. A period of cow use has been reduced in 2019 compared to 2011 by 0.32 calving in the Northwestern Federal District and by 0.15 calving in the Vologda region. There is a growth tendency in milk productivity: the milk yield of cows has increased by 2304 kg in the Northwestern Federal District, and by 2470 kg of milk in the Vologda Region in 2010-2019. The authors describe the breeding base of the district and the region by the specific weight of the breeding stock, the number of breeding farms, the level of productivity and the sales volume of breeding animals. The article gives a brief description of the breed structure of dairy cattle in the district and the region and analyzes the genetic potential of breeding bulls used in the breeding stock of dairy breeds of the Vologda region. The authors also determine the main directions in selection and breeding, which are aimed at dairy breed improvement in the region.
Assessment of the current state of the dairy cattle industry in the North-Western Federal District and the Vologda Region
Dynamic changes in the dairy cattle industry in the North-Western Federal District and the Vologda Region require their monitoring and studying to determine promising development trends. The article presents gross milk production analysis, the dynamics of livestock and economically useful characteristics of dairy cattle in the North-Western Federal District and the Vologda Region taking into account the statistical collected works data published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in 2020, the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, and the yearbooks for 2011-2020 on breeding dairy cattle in the Russian Federation. The number of dairy cattle has been stabilized since 2017 in the district, and since 2013 in the region. A period of cow use has been reduced in 2019 compared to 2011 by 0.32 calving in the Northwestern Federal District and by 0.15 calving in the Vologda region. There is a growth tendency in milk productivity: the milk yield of cows has increased by 2304 kg in the Northwestern Federal District, and by 2470 kg of milk in the Vologda Region in 2010-2019. The authors describe the breeding base of the district and the region by the specific weight of the breeding stock, the number of breeding farms, the level of productivity and the sales volume of breeding animals. The article gives a brief description of the breed structure of dairy cattle in the district and the region and analyzes the genetic potential of breeding bulls used in the breeding stock of dairy breeds of the Vologda region. The authors also determine the main directions in selection and breeding, which are aimed at dairy breed improvement in the region.
Correlation relationships of economic characteristics in black-and-white cattle
The present study has been carried out for obtaining comparative correlation data between productive and reproductive characteristics of the daughters of domestic and foreign breeding bulls in the modern black-and-white population of the Vologda region. The research is based on the works of domestic and foreign scientists and information databases on 10250 black-and-white cows of the 1st calving in the Vologda breeding farms. The statistical data has been calculated in the Microsoft Excel program. A comparative analysis has revealed a slight, but reliable (P<0.001) superiority of the daughters of foreign breeding bulls according to the average indicators of economic characteristics under study. The correlation coefficient calculation between the productivity and reproduction characteristics has showed the same relationship trend in the daughters of both domestic and foreign bulls. The correlation analysis has showed a great importance of animal development when raising black-and-white cattle. The live weight at the first successful insemination positively correlates with productive and reproductive characteristics. This type of relationship is noted both in the descendants of domestic bulls and in the daughters of foreign ones. The 305-lactation-day milk yield (P < 0.001) is proved to correlate with the service period (r = 0.13-0.18) and the live weight at the first successful insemination (r = 0.10-0.13) positively and reliably. The mass fraction of fat (P≤0.05-0.001) correlates with the mass fraction of protein in milk (r = 0.20-0.22), age and live weight at the first successful insemination (r = 0.03-0.16) positively and reliably. The obtained correlation research results between the productive and reproductive characteristics of the daughters of domestic and foreign bulls can be used for improving the breeding effectiveness in the modern black-and-white cattle.
Correlation relationships of economic characteristics in black-and-white cattle
The present study has been carried out for obtaining comparative correlation data between productive and reproductive characteristics of the daughters of domestic and foreign breeding bulls in the modern black-and-white population of the Vologda region. The research is based on the works of domestic and foreign scientists and information databases on 10250 black-and-white cows of the 1st calving in the Vologda breeding farms. The statistical data has been calculated in the Microsoft Excel program. A comparative analysis has revealed a slight, but reliable (P<0.001) superiority of the daughters of foreign breeding bulls according to the average indicators of economic characteristics under study. The correlation coefficient calculation between the productivity and reproduction characteristics has showed the same relationship trend in the daughters of both domestic and foreign bulls. The correlation analysis has showed a great importance of animal development when raising black-and-white cattle. The live weight at the first successful insemination positively correlates with productive and reproductive characteristics. This type of relationship is noted both in the descendants of domestic bulls and in the daughters of foreign ones. The 305-lactation-day milk yield (P < 0.001) is proved to correlate with the service period (r = 0.13-0.18) and the live weight at the first successful insemination (r = 0.10-0.13) positively and reliably. The mass fraction of fat (P≤0.05-0.001) correlates with the mass fraction of protein in milk (r = 0.20-0.22), age and live weight at the first successful insemination (r = 0.03-0.16) positively and reliably. The obtained correlation research results between the productive and reproductive characteristics of the daughters of domestic and foreign bulls can be used for improving the breeding effectiveness in the modern black-and-white cattle.
Characteristics of Superior Breeding Material on the Basis of the Promising Breeding Families Study
Families represent the highest form of breeding work in dairy cattle breeding, which requires a deep study of breeding records of animals up to 10 generations or more, taking into account the genealogical affiliation. Therefore, the article has theoretical and practical significance in breeding programme. As a result of the long breeding work of specialists of OOO (LLC) “Zazerkal`e” of Gryazovets District in the Vologda Region, a highly productive herd of black-and-white breed has been created. The article presents the superior breeding material of the herd on the basis of eighteen promising breeding families, established as a result of the analysis of genealogies of high-yielding record-holder cows. Outstanding families that persistently transmit their hereditary qualities to offspring have been identified: the Aprelka`s 681, the Medichka`s 1084, the Charlotka`s 1184, the Oda`s 1091, which represent breeding material for producing high-value heifers and bulls of domestic selection.
Characteristics of Superior Breeding Material on the Basis of the Promising Breeding Families Study
Families represent the highest form of breeding work in dairy cattle breeding, which requires a deep study of breeding records of animals up to 10 generations or more, taking into account the genealogical affiliation. Therefore, the article has theoretical and practical significance in breeding programme. As a result of the long breeding work of specialists of OOO (LLC) “Zazerkal`e” of Gryazovets District in the Vologda Region, a highly productive herd of black-and-white breed has been created. The article presents the superior breeding material of the herd on the basis of eighteen promising breeding families, established as a result of the analysis of genealogies of high-yielding record-holder cows. Outstanding families that persistently transmit their hereditary qualities to offspring have been identified: the Aprelka`s 681, the Medichka`s 1084, the Charlotka`s 1184, the Oda`s 1091, which represent breeding material for producing high-value heifers and bulls of domestic selection.
Effect of different milk production technology on milk yield of cows and somatic cell maintenance
The article provides the information on the results of the study of quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk and somatic cells based on the method of keeping and cows’ milking technology. The influence of the technology of the milk yield on the somatic cells maintenance is established.
Effect of different milk production technology on milk yield of cows and somatic cell maintenance
The article provides the information on the results of the study of quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk and somatic cells based on the method of keeping and cows’ milking technology. The influence of the technology of the milk yield on the somatic cells maintenance is established.
Tendencies of dairy cattle breeding development in vologda region and north-west federal district
The article presents monitoring of the number of farms, livestock and productivity indices of dairy cattle in the Vologda region and in the North-West Federal District within the period of five years.
Tendencies of dairy cattle breeding development in vologda region and north-west federal district
The article presents monitoring of the number of farms, livestock and productivity indices of dairy cattle in the Vologda region and in the North-West Federal District within the period of five years.
The results of crossbreeding black-and-white cattle and the Holstein breed in the Vologda region
The article presents the results of crossbreeding black-and-white cattle breed and the Holstein one: population and level of milk production change in holsteinized cattle. It has been found that increasing consanguinity of Holstein breed affects milk yield raising. Moreover, the fat and protein content in milk of different cows genotypes varies slightly. It has been proven that the crossbreeding of black-and-white cattle with the Holstein breed is effective.
The results of crossbreeding black-and-white cattle and the Holstein breed in the Vologda region
The article presents the results of crossbreeding black-and-white cattle breed and the Holstein one: population and level of milk production change in holsteinized cattle. It has been found that increasing consanguinity of Holstein breed affects milk yield raising. Moreover, the fat and protein content in milk of different cows genotypes varies slightly. It has been proven that the crossbreeding of black-and-white cattle with the Holstein breed is effective.