Improving the Design Efficiency of Mechanical Mixing Machines of Bulk Capacity Vessels
In the article a comparative assessment of the mixing devices has been carried out, data have been given on the structural materials used in their design. The processes of computer modeling and calculation of the stress state of the mixing machine design using the SolidWorks Simulation application have been described. The design characteristics of the blade type stirrer have been substantiated.
Development of safety management system elements in the production of carbohydrate-protein product
The article shows the feasibility of implementing the principles of HACCP in the production of a carbohydrate-protein product based on curd whey concentrate. A risk analysis is carried out in the production of a carbohydrate-protein product, the potential sources of hazardous factors are substantiated. It was established that the most severe consequences can be observed from the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, mycotoxins, toxic elements (lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury), pesticides and radionuclides in the product. However, the highest probability of implementation exists when the product is colonized with bacteria of the Escherichia coli group (coliforms). The structure and content of the programs of preliminary events, obligatory production programs are determined, a monitoring system for critical control points is developed, which allows them to be controlled on the basis of planned measures or observations.
The rationale for the use of rosebay willowherb (chamaenerion angustifolium) in the production of dairy products
The article is devoted to the rationale for the use of water-based rosebay willowherb extract in canned milk technology in order to increase nutritional value. The article presents the data on the nutrient composition of water-based rosebay willowherb leaves, and calculations of daily requirements for vitamins and minerals when consuming skimmed milk with sugar, produced with the addition of the water-based rosebay willowherb extract. It was found that adding water-based rosebay willowherb extract to the formula of skimmed condensed milk with sugar will give the product functional properties by increasing the content of manganese, calcium and vitamin B6.
The influence of water-binding capacity in cereal and legume flour on the properties of fermented milk clot
The analysis of patent literature in the field of funnel fermented milks production using cereal flour was done. The results of research on the influence of cereal and legume flour on organoleptic and structural-mechanical indicators are presented.
Gelled dessert products with using fractional components of curd whey
The possibility of using nanofiltration concentrate of curd whey in the technology of gelled dessert products has been studied. The expediency of using nanofiltration concentrate and vegetable fillers to increase the nutritional and biological value of the gelated product has been shown. Rational proportions of gelatin and vegetable fillers have been established, and their influence on the quality indicators of the finished product have been studied. The technological scheme has been developed and technological modes of production have been established. The biological value of the products has been determined.
Productivity of varieties of jerusalem artichoke with different density of standing
The work presents the results of a three-year field three-factor experiment. The productivity of Jerusalem artichoke (Skorospelka and Interest varieties) has been researched on the soddy podzolic soil with different plant stand: 47,6; 31,7; 20,4 thousand plants/ha; with two variants of mineral nutrition (calculated dose by the balance method and for full compensation of nutrient removal). It has been found that the best productivity has the Interest variety in raw (69,8 t/ha) and absolutely dry (15,4 t/ha) biomass. The most optimal plant stand for both varieties is 47,6 thousand plants / ha (planting pattern 70 x 30 cm), which provides 27,0 t/ha of tops, 54,6 t/ha of tubers from Skorospelka variety, 17,4 t/ha of absolutely dry biomass and the efficiency factor is 0,61, in the Interest variety: 53,4 t/ha of tops, 40,1 t/ha of tubers, 18,8 t/ha of dry biomass, the efficiency factor is 0,42.
Biochemical blood status in the intact pregnant cows and in those infected with the bovine leukemia virus
The aim of the research is to determine the differences of biochemical blood parameters in the intact cows and in those infected with the bovine leukemia virus (BLV). The feeding and keeping conditions for the livestock of both the control and experimental groups were similar, provided by the technology of the farm. Studying the blood samples was performed using traditional laboratory diagnostics methods. The results of the study were processed using biometric methods with determining the level of confidence based on the Student’s criterion. Significant differences were found between intact and infected animals in a number of indicators. The differences revealed in the biochemical parameters of the blood in BLV-infected and intact cows may indicate the development of pathological processes in the animals infected with the bovine leukemia virus.
Maize cultivation in conditions of high soil fertility and its diversity: macro-factor approach to modern agronomy
The research conducted on corn silage cultivation in 2009-2019 in the conditions of the agricultural enterprise “Mazolovogaz” AC at “Vitsebskoblgaz” UE allowed us to determine the main directions for optimizing the soil structure for silage, which should be reduced to 15.0-20.0% with an increase in productivity. The formation of agrophytocenosis should be accompanied by strict compliance with the rules of maize production, taking into account the peculiarities of seeding and creating sufficiently dense crops, as well as the use of rational approaches when applying organic and mineral fertilizers on sloping lands in conditions of variegated soil fertility.
Influence of manure, cover crops and combinations of them with a degrader of stubble on soil fertility and crop yields
The work gives a comparative assessment of the effect of manure, green manure and combinations of them with a stubble degrader on the supply of dry biomass, accumulation of total carbon in the arable layer of meadow-chernozem soils, crop yields and quality of crop production. The current research has shown that the effect and aftereffect of oilseed radish green manure, legume green manure and oilseed radish green manure combined with a stubble degrader fallow lands have not been inferior to the manure fallow land in terms of biomass accumulation. The maximum biomass accumulation has led to a complex effect and aftereffect of manure and legume green manure with a stubble degrader. A combined use of manure and legume green manure with a stubble degrader has had the most significant effect on the accumulation of total carbon. Manure fallow land in combination with a stubble degrader and green manure fallow lands with legume green manure in combination with a stubble degrader have had the highest effect on the yield of winter wheat and maize as well as the quality of crop production.
Technological aspects of increasing the productive longevity of dairy herds
The research has been carried out to establish the duration of productive use of breeding stock in the breeding farms of the Omsk region. As far as the productive use duration, the cows kept in free stall housing are found to have a significant advantage compared to the tied cows, the difference being 177 days or 17.2 %. A negative correlation has been established between the abundance of milk and the duration of productive use of cows in tied herds.
Sown fallow land as a predecessor of winter wheat in organic crop farming of the Lower Volga region
The article presents the research results on the effectiveness of fallow lands with green manure crops as predecessors for winter wheat in reproducing the fertility of light chestnut soils, productivity and quality of winter wheat grains in organic crop farming of the Lower Volga region. The research has shown that replacing summer fallow with a fallow with phacelia as a green manure crop increases the supply of organic matter to the soil in comparison with the control variant by 3.09 t / ha, ensures a positive balance of organic matter +4.05 t / ha. In this case, the largest amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium enters the soil with organic matter of winter wheat, respectively, 41.2; 8.6 and 13 kg / ha. It provides the highest positive balance of basic nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, +16.2; +2 and +11.2 kg / ha, respectively and more economical consumption of soil moisture by winter wheat plants: the water consumption coefficient is 147.5 mm / t; the grain quality of this crop and productivity has improved by 7.5 %.
Аftereffect of the biomodified organic-mineral fertilizers on agro-podzolic soil
One of the tasks facing the agrochemistry is the search for fertilizers of prolonged action, with the gradual release of nutrients and having aftereffect. Under the conditions of a stationary field experiment on soddy-medium-podzolic light loamy soil in the conditions of the Northern Non-Black Soil Zone, the effectiveness of organic- mineral fertilizer (OMF) made on the basis of lowland peat with the addition of macro- and microelements, as well as humic acids manufactured by OAO the Buyskiy Chemical Plant has been studied. This work presents the data on the aftereffect of ОMF, modified with BisolBifit biological preparations (strains of Bacillus subtillus Ch-13), Phosphatovite (strains of Baccillus mucilaginosus), PhosphoActive (Bacillus subtillus + Baccillus mucilaginosus strains), on the yield and quality indicators of clover meadow and oats. The effectiveness of various grades of organic-mineral fertilizer has been compared both with control variant (without fertilizers) and with variant with complex mineral fertilizers, the dose of which has been equal and averaged N30P24K45 for crop rotation. Studies have carried out at 2 levels of soil acidity: pHKCl 5.1-5.3 and pHKCl 5.7-5.9. In a 5-field field crop rotation, the effect of fertilizers has been studied on vetch-oat mixture, winter wheat and spring barley, and the aftereffect of fertilizers - on the clover meadow and oats. According to the results of the experiment, it has been found that the use of ОMF with BisolBifit increases the crop yield compared to the control variant by 26 % in the first year and by 11 % in the second year of fertilizers aftereffect at both levels of soil acidity. The positive effect of the studied grades of ОMF on the increase in the collection of «crude protein» (on the average by 15-18%) compared with the control has been noted. The ОMF, modified with BisolbiFit subsequently contributed to a more significant increase in yield and the collection of crude protein compared to other grades of ОMF, although there have been no statistically significant differences between them.
Monitoring the viability of dairy cows
The article presents a working model for monitoring the basic body processes in animals. The main approaches to the implementation of the proposed model are described and disclosed. It has been indicated that the requirements for assessing feed quality and actual nutritional value include the task core to be solved not only in order to control viability, but also to increase the dairy farming efficiency at agricultural enterprises of the Vologda region. More than 5 types of feed samples, more than 50 biological material samples (blood of dairy cows), 30 samples of cicatricial content have been studied during the experiment. The results of feed analysis are the basis of the method and the starting point for the implementation of the tasks. The presented parameters of the biological test are used to assess the level of metabolic processes in the dairy cows body, to predict further productivity, reproductive qualities and to prevent the health of animals. The methods combination is the full-valued feeding of dairy cows. The importance of control in the normalized feeding system is not only in monitoring the productive herd, but also allows to control the dairy activity of cows. The future researches are connected with improving the control system of dairy cows viability that to be detailed in the direction of the ruminants digestion.
The effect of biologies on calega orientalis pests
On sod-weakly podzolic soil with a humus content of 2.6% that is in the Vologda region the pests such as striped, moth-like sitona, clover seed-eaters, various bedbugs and fleas were registered on Galega orientalis crops. A fairly high efficiency (85.2-90.4%) of the bitoxibacillin (BTB), P biologies against pests with a consumption rate of 4 kg/ha was established. The efficiency of dendrobacillin, P biopreparation with a consumption rate of 4 kg/ha was 62.5-87.6 %.
Influence of the humic-fulvate complex on growth, development and quality of basil production (Ocimumbasilicum L.)
Studies on the influence of the humic-fulvate complex on the growth and development of basil plants (Ocimumbasilicum L.), and the accumulation of essential oil in the green mass have been carried out. The investigations were conducted in the fields of the experiment station of the Russian State Agrarian University - the Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev in 2017-2018. The soil of the experimental plot was sod-podzolic, the humus content was 2.2%, total nitrogen 35.7 mg / kg, P2O5 - 235 mg / kg, potassium 180 mg / kg, pH of the aqueous extract 6.0. The plants were treated with a humic-fulvate complex, which was produced from a dry humified flax waste by soaking in a 0.1 M potassium hydroxide solution for 2 hours at a temperature of 85-90 °C. According to chemical analysis after purification of the preparation the content of humic acids was 80-82%, fulvic acids - 13-15%, potassium content per K2O - 4-5%. The humic-fulvate complex (HFC) was used by spraying the plants 2 times, the first time in the seedling phase, andfor a second time -3 days after. A 15% solution of HFC was used. The treatment was carried out at the rate of 3, 6, 9 l / ha or 450, 900 and 1350 g / ha for the active substance (HFC). The flow rate of the working solution was 300 l / ha. It has been found that the use of the humic-fulvate complex contributes to an increase in the dynamics of growth and development of basil plants, the content of essential oil is 1.1-1.2%, green weight 0.9-1.1 kg / m2, dry weight - 250-280 g / m2. Foliar treatment of basil plants is recommended to be carried out with a humic-fulvate complex in a dose of 900 g / ha to increase the content of essential oils in the green mass.
Rating of Ayrshire servicing bull estimation according to selection features
Estimation of servicing bulls according to the offspring quality is one of the main items in selection process, which allows determining the strategy of herd improving in breeding, productive and conformation features. The research has been carried out in the Ayrshire cattle herd in agricultural production cooperative Mayskiy Plemzavod, the Vologda District, the Vologda Region. The study results has allowed ranking servicing bulls according to the daughters’ selection features and the bull named Volan 106202505 has been established to be the winner in this rating (its daughters’ milk yield of 8125kg being the highest one, strong body and milking conformation form). It is advisable to use servicing bulls of a high selection rating in the breeding stock and their offspring for the herd reproduction, which will increase productivity and improve conformation characteristics of a new generation animals.
The impact and results of using sires in dairy cattle populations in the Vologda region
Studies were conducted on controlled populations of dairy cattle of
Ayrshire, Kholmogory, Yaroslavl, black-and-white breeds of breeding farms in the
Vologda region. It has been revealed that the sires of domestic selection have a greater
degree of influence on the productive indices of their daughters than foreign ones do.
The calculation of the breeding value of bulls in terms of their daughters’ productivity
has been carried out, and on the basis of a comparative analysis the best producers
in the context of selections having the greatest impact on the productivity indices of
descendants have been determined.
Investigation of the fermentation process of a creamy chicory bio-product base
The article describes the study of the fermentation process of a creamy chicory bio-product base. The authors studied the effect of fermentation time by various biological objects and the amount of chicory on titratable acidity, the change in the cellular concentration of lactic acid microorganisms and bifidobacteria in the fermentation process, as well as on organoleptic characteristics. Based on the results analysis of experimental studies in the fermentation process, it was found that the most optimal mass fraction of chicory is 4% in the bio-product. In addition, the association of microorganisms in the bio-object 2 was selected, which provides a higher cell concentration of lactic acid microorganisms and bifidobacteria of the bio-product.
Designing a creamy-chicory base of a bio-product for personalized nutrition within the FoodNet market
The article describes the study about the effect of chicory on the chemical composition, titratable and active acidity, as well as on the organoleptic characteristics of a creamy chicory base (hereinafter referred to as CCB) in order to construct a basis for a bio-product for personalized nutrition. In addition, the amino acid rate of the investigated variants of CCB was determined. It was established that CCB 2, in which the mass fraction of chicory was 4.0%, has the best indexes.
Design development of the vortex homogenizing head by hydrodynamic processes computer modeling in the SOLIDWORKS FLOW SIMULATION program
The paper presents a virtual simulation of hydrodynamic processes in a vortex homogenizing head from the SolidWorks Flow Simulation program. A comparative analysis of vortex flows paths, trends of velocities and pressures is carried out. As a result, the advantages and disadvantages of various design features in vortex homogenizing devices are revealed.
Taste profile formation of blue cheeses
The aim of the work is to establish interdependence between the proteolytic and lipolytic activities of Penicillium roqueforti mold cultures and formation of organoleptic parameters of blue cheeses from cow’s milk during ripening and storage. It is shown that the organoleptic parameters of blue cheeses depend on the used Pen. roqueforti strain. The obtained data can be used for creating an assortment line of blue cheeses with an individual taste profile.
The development of yogurt with plant antioxidants
The article is devoted to the development of a method for yogurt production based on cinder conk extract as a plant antioxidant. Cinder conk (chaga mushroom) is used to treat a wide range of diseases in folk medicine. In the paper we have used the optimal method for obtaining cinder conk solution using maceration with microwave. The physical and chemical parameters of the obtained solution are determined and given. It is determined at what stage of the technological process it is advisable to add the obtained extract to yogurt, namely at the stage of formulation. As a result it does not affect the increase in the mass fraction of moisture in the finished product. The optimal ratio of chaga mushroom and water chosen is 1:10, upon receipt of the extract in order to add to the composition of yogurt. The storage capacity of the product with cinder conk extract is studied.
Biological and productive features of black-motley cows with various milking techniques
The research was carried out at an enterprise in the Sverdlovsk region. Two groups of black-motley cows were formed: the first including cows of free stall housing with a robotic milking system; the second having tied cows that were milked into the milk pipeline. It was found that udder measurements of animals of the first group had greater values than those of the second group. Due to high milk yield of animals for the first lactation in the first group, their milk fat and milk protein content were higher (p < 0.001) than that of cows of the second group, by 36.9 (16.7%) and 37.9 kg (20.5%) respectively. All evaluated hematological, clinical and physiological parameters of animals were within the normal range. In addition, 29.2% of cows in the first group are classified as animals with unstable type of stress resistance, and 8.3% of cows in the second group are classified as animals with low stress resistance. The use of a voluntary milking system for black-and-white cows using a milking robot provides an increase in the intensity of milk flow by 0.2 kg/min with an advantage in the main morphological characteristics of the mammary gland, allows to get higher milk yields on average for 305 days of lactation - by 19.2% (p < 0.001) more and for the period of production use of cows – by 14.3% (p < 0.01). It is necessary to use the level of stress resistance of animals as one of the assessment indicators while selecting cows for milking with high-tech milking machines (milking robots).
The effect of fish skin mucus on hemostasis indicators of some animal species in vitro in comparison with collagen
Modern pharmacology is actively searching for new sources of natural peptides and developing new methods of their synthesis for further introduction of protein preparations into production, so it is necessary to identify the natural sources of biologically active peptides, such as fish skin mucus. In order to assess the effect of fish skin mucus on animal hemostasis indicators in vitro in comparison with collagen, the hemostatic activity of skin mucus of carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus, 1758) and African clarias catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) on the blood of cows and dogs was studied. It was found that the most active in the hemostatic relation was the mucus of the African Clary catfish. Hematological and statistical methods of research were used in this work.
Grazing efficiency of cattle
Scientific and production experience has been carried out to study the value of the herbs of alpine meadows, where livestock are fed and achieve good results. It is advisable to use natural mountain and pre-mountain pastures for feeding livestock if they begin to be grassed after growing 15-17 cm According to the results of our research, concentrated feeds are also most efficiently used as feeding at the final stage of the burning, that is, during the preparation of livestock for sale for meat.
