Blood fibrinogen dynamics in fish under stress
The paper presents the research results of blood fibrinogen in carps under stress. It is established that the coagulation processes have accelerated under hypoxic stress by the 4th day of the experiment.
Theoretical and practical aspects of the process of crystallization of lactose in the production of condensed milk with sugar
The work analyzes various parameters and intensification ways of lactose crystallization in sweetened condensed milk manufacturing. As a result it is concluded that lactose crystallization with two-stage cooling is the most effective method that can be recommended for production.
Influence of various diets on association of polymorphism in MSTN gene and live weight increase in young cockerels of pushkin breed
The effect of different diets on the growth rate of Pushkin breed cockerels depending on the genotype in substitution of rs313744840 in the myostatin gene has been analyzed. In cockerels grown on feed for broilers (n = 52) the AG heterozygotes have had the biggest weigh gain, which began to differ significantly (p <0.05) from their peers from the 14th day of life. In cockerels grown on feed for young laying hens (n = 46) the AA homozygotes have had an advantage in growth, but the difference between the groups has proved to be unreliable. Individuals grown on feeds for broilers with the heterozygous AG genotype in substitution of rs313744840 in the parsley MSTN gene have exceeded the live weight of their peers practically during the entire observation period.
Biochemical blood test in high-yielding lactating cows during the initial stage of lactation depending on the housing system
The biochemical parameters of blood in high-yielding lactating dairy cows during the initial stage of lactation and the tightness of this stage depending on the housing system have been studied. Innovative cattle housing and milking methods are considered in comparison with the classic tied housing system. The authors point out that the basis of effective dairy farming is the organization of standardized feeding system, and its impact on the condition of the animal.
Progressive agronomy in creation and effective use of high-productive haying pasture lands for dairy cattle breading
Long-term researches into the feasibility, consistency and cost-effectiveness of creation and effective use of haying pasture lands for dairy cattle breading showed that different approaches to the redistribution of resources available in agro-farming can be used in various farming conditions. The economic efficiency of the innovation under consideration is, according to the hayfields, 1.33 $ / year of net profit per 1 hectare of agricultural land, and for pastures 5,24 $ / year.
Microbiological Aspects of Enriched Fermented Milk Products Manufacture with Use of Whey
The possibility of using propionic acid bacteria and acidophilic lactobacillus as a probiotic microflora has been analyzed. The use of kefir grains in the composition of a polycomponent starter has been suggested. A comparative assessment of starter cultures development in cheese whey and skimmed milk has been carried out. A decrease in the activity of growth and acid formation during their cultivation in whey has been noted. To activate the development of starter microflora, improve the organoleptic characteristics of the product, it has been suggested to include skimmed milk in the whey basis of the product. The composition of the polycomponent starter (5%) containing propionic acid bacteria, kefir ferment and acidophilic lactobacillus in a ratio of 2.5:2:0.5, respectively, has been specified; it provides the highest yield of propinic acid bacteria and acidophilic lactobacillus, what determines the probiotic properties of the product.
Expansion of the starter microflora spectrum in the technology of fermented product with whey protein hydrolyzate
In order to expand the spectrum of starter microorganisms for the production of a probiotic product with whey protein hydrolyzate, a fermented secondary milk raw material was tested by a consortium of microorganisms Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus, a combination of five species of bifidobacteria (B. bifidum, B. longum, B. adolescentis, B. breve, B. infantis) in combination with Streptococcus thermophilus in a ratio of 1: 1: 2 with the addition of whey protein hydrolyzate in an amount of 1 to 3%. The positive effect of whey protein hydrolyzate on the development of starter microflora was established. The functionality of a fermented milk product with whey protein hydrolyzate has been proved.
Editing the genome of farm animals using CRISPR / Cas9 technology
One of the most discussed topics in modern genetics is the technology emergence for editing of biological objects genomes CRISPR / Cas9, which has a huge impact on molecular biology, this technology allows adding, removing and making changes to the genome of various organisms, including higher mammals. It is an innovative and powerful tool for obtaining animals with specified characteristics. It has become possible in a relatively short time to create an animal with the modified genome, which improves the quality and efficiency of livestock production. The article gives an successful experiments overview in the world practice of editing agricultural animals using CRISPR / Cas9 technology.
The development of a seed cum fertilizer drill with a dosing device based on a flexible single helix auger
A constructive technological scheme of the seed cum fertilizer drill ADK2.8 for direct strip sowing of grass seeds and sowing of a starting dose of mineral fertilizers is offered. On the basis of a single helix auger the original design of the conveying-dosing device of a seed cum fertilizer drill for direct strip sowing of mineral fertilizers is proposed. Experimental studies have shown that the minimum coefficient of variation in the rate of seeding and grinding of granules of mineral fertilizers is reached at a rotation frequency n = 2835 min-1, helix diameter D = 4247 mm, wire diameter dпр = 5 mm, spiral pitch S = 1012 mm. Laboratory-field tests revealed that the seed cum fertilizer drill ADK2.8 reliably performs the direct strip sowing of mineral fertilizers with a seeding rate of 80290 kg/ha with uneven seeding between the devices 13.5% and instability of the seeding dose of 5.7%.
Use of regional raw materials in functional product manufacture
The authors of the article have analyzed scientific and technical and patent literature in the field of producing functional fermented milk drinks as well as in the field of using grain fillers. The researchers offer to use regional raw materials as functional components. Linen flour and linseed oil are offered to be added as functional additives of plant origin into the projected product composition. The article describes the research of determining the composition of the fermented skim milk product.
The effect of yeast products on the milk production of cows
The article presents the study results of the effect of the yeast supplements “Optisaf” and “Progut Rumen” on the productivity and quality milk indicators from highly productive cows. It has been established that at the doses recommended by the manufacturer, their use improves the eatability of feed of the basic diet, increases the milk productivity and leads to an increase in the mass fraction of fat.
Intensive production technology of a lactulose-based feed additive with high bifidogenic activity
The article describes the prebiotic action mechanism, in particular lactulose. The article presents the production technology of lactulose syrups. The authors give the results of using the lactulose-based prebiotic additive with weaned piglets.
The influence of fertilizers on the removal of nutrients by crop rotation in the Vologda region
The productivity of crop rotation on soddy podzolic loam soil in the stationary experience during 2015-2017 was high in the conditions of the Vologda region, especially among annual crops. Winter rye and potatoes also differed by consistently high yield and productivity during the years of research. All the studied cultures showed good responsiveness to fertilizers, especially the calculated doses of their application. The average productivity of crop rotation was 3.30-6.34 tonne cu / ha. Minimum doses of fertilizers increased the productivity of crops by 1.02 tons of cu / ha, and calculated ones - by 72-90% compared with the control. Removal of nutrients with crop yields increased with the use of fertilizers. Different doses of fertilizers increased the removal of nitrogen 1.4-2.3 times, phosphorus - 1.4-2.0 times and potassium 1.4-2.5 times compared with the control. Calculated doses of fertilizers provided the greatest removal of nutrients, because the yield on these options was significantly higher than on the control and when using fertilizers only during sowing and planting. This affected the balance of nutrients in the soil. KB of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were higher than the planned values, respectively, by 15-34%, 23-36 and 12-21%. When fertilizers were applied on average for crop rotation in doses of 93kg AI / ha of nitrogen, 41 phosphorus and 136-165 kg AI / ha of potassium, respectively, a negative balance of nutrients was observed.
Substantiation of Installation Parameters of Additional Soil Tilling Implements in Plowing Units due to the Movement of the Furrow Slice on the Surfaces of the Plough Body
The article represents the equation of furrow slice movement along the moldboard depending on the speed of the unit, it characterizes the curvature of the angle trajectory, the gravity force of the furrow slice, the applied traction force and the resistance force caused by rehandling of the furrow slice particles as it rolls up along the moldboard. Analytical expressions are obtained for determining the time of the furrow slice movement along the moldboard, the coordinates of the furrow slice fall on the field surface and the estimation of the fall time. The results can be used in the field of agricultural engineering in the design of reversible ploughs and additional implements for soil surface treatment.
Changes in Milk Productivity Using the Feed Concentrate “Urga” in the Diet of Highly Productive Cows
The results of research in milk productivity of lactating cows using the feed concentrate “Urga”, products of the EM series (LLC “EM-cooperation”) were analyzed. The received the feed concentrate “Urga” animals had higher monthly milk yield, the amount of milk produced in terms of base fat and protein, higher level of realization of productive capacity, which pointes out the feasibility in developing a feeding program and increasing the efficiency of milk production.
Sampling of feed for farm animals as an important stage of their analysis. Selection methods and tools
Sampling is an important part of feed analysis and the reliability of measurement results depends on how it is performed. It’s impossible to correct the errors occurring due to incorrect sampling in the future, and researches no matter how accurate they are, become meaningless. Modern feed sampling is a whole system of organizational and technological measures that must be performed to obtain and maintain a representative (i.e., reflecting the average value of all the characteristics of the entire batch of material) sample. To ensure the methodically correct sampling of silage and haylage from closed trenches, which would reflect the quality of all the feed laid in the trench at the entire depth of its storage, it is necessary to use special technical means - samplers. The article contains an analysis of the regulatory requirements for the selection process, as well as an overview of modern technical means and designs of samplers. To increase efficiency and to reduce the complexity of sampling, based on the new method of selection of plant samples (patent No. 2651175 2018.) the authors developed silage and haylage sampler with electromechanical drive. The sampler is simple in design and use.
Studying of Starter Composition Effect on Properties of Fermented Products Based on Buttermilk and Milk Whey Concentrates
The research on starter population selection for fermented products manufacture on combined milk base with buttermilk and milk whey concentrates has been conducted. The physical and chemical, rheological, microbiological and organoleptic properties of the products have been studied. A combined starter with a ratio of starter cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophiles, Bifidobacterium equal to 1: 1: 3 has been selected.
Morphofunctional parameters of platelets in dogs of different age with parvoviral enteritis
The paper presents the results of the study of morphofunctional parameters of platelets in dogs with parvovirus enteritis at different ages. The most strongly expressed change of platelet parameters at parvovirus infection is in puppies aged 2 to 6 months. On the third day of the disease the number of platelets decreases and platelet disaggregation index under the action of ristomycin as well. On the fifth day of the disease there is a progressive decrease in the number of platelets with a decrease in platelet crit (PCT) and an increase in mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet disaggregation decreases under the influence of collagen and ristomycin, which is a sign of increased functional platelets activity, and in particular its vascular component. Changes of platelet parameters in the groups of dogs older than 6 months appear only on the 5. day of illness and are expressed by a reduction of disaggregation under the action of ADP.
The review of technological design standards associated with dairy farms
The design documentation for renovation of old dairy farms and construction of new ones should be developed in accordance with the requirements of current national standards set out in recommendations, manuals, etc. When preparing project documents of cattle farms designers often face the problem of existing standards non-compliance with the new requirements to livestock production. For example the box length for highly productive animals is insufficient; this fact has a negative effect on their rest period and productivity. The applicable standards related to technological design of livestock facilities need to be revised.
The dynamics of number, indices of productivity and economic use in the breed populations of dairy cattle
The article presents the results of monitoring the number of livestock, the indices of dairy cows productivity and the period of their economic use in the populations of Ayrshire, Holstein, Kholmogory, Black and White, Yaroslavl breeds in all categories of farms of the Vologda region. Based on the data from yearbooks on breeding on dairy cattle breeding farms of the Russian Federation the dynamics in the number of evaluated cattle and cows according to their breed populations for 2012-2016 has been defined. The reduction of the total population by 17.51 thousand heads has been revealed, which amounted to 96.66 thousand heads and in cows the reduction by 4.41 thousand heads has been noted, which amounted to 62.34 thousand heads. A similar trend is observed in all breed populations. On the basis of the data on cows productivity the increase in milk yield in different breeds ranging from 294 to 1242 kg of milk has been defined. The indices of fat and protein content were changing during the analyzed period in the populations depending on the breed. There was a trend of decreasing the age of cows in calvings. For five years the average age of cows decreased from 2.88 to 2.80 calvings. Similar dynamics is observed in the dropping the animals out of the herd. The reduction of the period of using cows for all breeds ranged from 3.78 to 3.76 calvings. In the population of Black and White breed the period of economic use decreased by 0.12 calvings. Therefore, improving dairy cattle populations in the Vologda region should be directed to increasing the age of cows in calvings. Special attention should be paid to breeding the animals of Black and White breed numerous populations with the aim of increasing the period of their economic use.
Selection of parent pig pairs by resistency indexes
In 2015, 18 sows of a large white breed, 72 piglets obtained from these sows and 18 boars from another farm, whose sperm was taken for fertilization of sows, were examined in the Kislov individual entrepreneur farm by resistance indicators. On the basis of blood indices, a new selection index of resistance was developed, which includes bactericidal, complementary and lysozyme activity of blood serum, phagocytic activity and index, taking into account the coefficients of heritability of each feature. Parent pairs were selected for resistance indices, which had a positive effect.
Methods of estimation and selection of pigs by resistance indices
The article deals with the study carried out on the sows of a large white breed and their offsprings. It has been established that the sow resistance is positively associated with their reproductive qualities. A new breeding resistance index is developed. Selecting of one-month old replacement gilts of a large white breed by the new methods of resistance has had a positive result.
Yogurt for preschool and schoolchildren
The present article gives the recipe of the fermented milk product with malt and malt extract intended for feeding preschool and schoolchildren. The authors have produced the product samples and have studied their organoleptic as well as physical and chemical quality indicators, which proved that the developed product meets the regulatory requirements according to the basic parameters, the exception being the sucrose content.
Use of cheese whey in formulations of fermented beverages
The article deals with the possibility of using cheese whey in the technology of fermented beverages. The composition of a multicomponent starter giving probiotic properties to drinks is established. The milk whey base composition of beverages is established considering the activity of starter microflora development, biological value increase, improvement of organoleptic property and consistency of finished products. Herbal additions and the rational proportion of their introduction has been adopted.
Bioavailability Estimation for Canned Dairy Product on the Basis of Soy Protein Isolate
In the work the biological value of a canned dairy product developed on the basis of soy protein isolate and a control sample has been compared. For estimation the following criteria have been taken: the ratio of amino acid profile balance, the index of comparable redundancy, the index of irreplaceable amino acids and the ratio of utility attitude. As a result, it has been found that the developed product exceeds the control sample in all the above mentioned estimation criteria.
